What is the first step in indirect bonding?

What is the first step in indirect bonding?

• A. Apply adhesive
• B. Rinse and dry
• C. Etch teeth 30 seconds
• D. Light cure

Answer: (C)

Creating a good bonding surface on enamel is what starts indirect bonding. The first step is to etch the enamel with a phosphoric acid gel for about 30 seconds. This etching creates microscopic roughness and porosities on the enamel, allowing the bonding resin to penetrate and form a strong micromechanical lock. Without this etch, the adhesive wouldn’t achieve durable bond strength, and brackets placed in the transfer tray would not stay attached properly. After etching, the next steps—rinsing and drying, applying bonding agent, and then placing resin on the bracket bases before seating—build on that prepared surface to complete the bonding process.